Carbon/Graphite and Graphite Materials are inherently porous after the material processing. It is common to impregnate these materials with a Resin or Metal to:
These benefits can lead to secondary benefits such as the impregnation with Antimony reducing the Porosity leading to a reduction in Blister formation particularly in light Hydrocarbon and hot Oil applications.
Some end-users experience that certain impregnants such as Babbitt (particularly Leaded Babbitt), Silver, and Antimony improve the friction and wear characteristics of the Carbon/Graphite or Graphite Component. While this beneficiation may be actual, we have not seen this effect in laboratory testing.
Antimony is uniquely efficient at reducing porosity in Carbon/Graphite and Graphite materials. This is due in part to the low Surface Temperature of the molten metal.
| Metal | Surface Tension1 (mN/m) |
| Antimony (Sb) | 367 |
| Copper (Cu) | 1290 |
| Silver (Ag) | 951 |
| Tin (Sn) | 570 |
1 at impregnation Temperature
Antimony melts at 1,167 °F (630.63 °C) which does constrain its application temperature limits.
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